FORMULASI AGAMA DAN NEGARA DALAM WACANA POLITIK: TELAAH KRITIS GAGASAN IBNU KHALDUN DAN HANS KELSEN

Abstrak

This study examines the relationship between religion and state through the perspectives of two great figures from different civilizational backgrounds, namely Ibn Khaldun from the Islamic world and Hans Kelsen from the Western world. The object of study focuses on the role of religion in the legitimacy of power and state structure. The method used is library research with a comparative approach. Kelsen emphasized the importance of separating religion and state in order to maintain legal neutrality, while Ibn Khaldun saw religion as the moral foundation of the state. The analysis shows that despite their different approaches, both agree that the state functions to maintain order and justice. This finding shows that the thoughts of both figures are still relevant to be used as references in understanding and managing the relationship between religion and state in the modern era, especially in the context of a multicultural and democratic society that prioritizes the values ​​of justice and inclusiveness.